U.C.C. – ARTICLE 3 – NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS (2002)

Most governments around the world have signed up to an agreement called Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) which sets standard rules for conducting international trade.

To understand how this governs using financial instruments in your country, including Bills of Exchange, please refer to the following:

PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS

• § 3-101. SHORT TITLE.
• § 3-102. SUBJECT MATTER.
• § 3-103. DEFINITIONS.
• § 3-104. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-105. ISSUE OF INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-106. UNCONDITIONAL PROMISE OR ORDER.
• § 3-107. INSTRUMENT PAYABLE IN FOREIGN MONEY.
• § 3-108. PAYABLE ON DEMAND OR AT DEFINITE TIME.
• § 3-109. PAYABLE TO BEARER OR TO ORDER.
• § 3-110. IDENTIFICATION OF PERSON TO WHOM INSTRUMENT IS PAYABLE.
• § 3-111. PLACE OF PAYMENT.
• § 3-112. INTEREST.
• § 3-113. DATE OF INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-114. CONTRADICTORY TERMS OF INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-115. INCOMPLETE INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-116. JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY; CONTRIBUTION.
• § 3-117. OTHER AGREEMENTS AFFECTING INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-118. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
• § 3-119. NOTICE OF RIGHT TO DEFEND ACTION.

PART 2. NEGOTIATION, TRANSFER, AND INDORSEMENT

• § 3-201. NEGOTIATION.
• § 3-202. NEGOTIATION SUBJECT TO RESCISSION.
• § 3-203. TRANSFER OF INSTRUMENT; RIGHTS ACQUIRED BY TRANSFER.
• § 3-204. INDORSEMENT.
• § 3-205. SPECIAL INDORSEMENT; BLANK INDORSEMENT; ANOMALOUS INDORSEMENT.
• § 3-206. RESTRICTIVE INDORSEMENT.
• § 3-207. REACQUISITION.

PART 3. ENFORCEMENT OF INSTRUMENTS

• § 3-301. PERSON ENTITLED TO ENFORCE INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-302. HOLDER IN DUE COURSE.
• § 3-303. VALUE AND CONSIDERATION.
• § 3-304. OVERDUE INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-305. DEFENSES AND CLAIMS IN RECOUPMENT.
• § 3-306. CLAIMS TO AN INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-307. NOTICE OF BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY.
• § 3-308. PROOF OF SIGNATURES AND STATUS AS HOLDER IN DUE COURSE.
• § 3-309. ENFORCEMENT OF LOST, DESTROYED, OR STOLEN INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-310. EFFECT OF INSTRUMENT ON OBLIGATION FOR WHICH TAKEN.
• § 3-311. ACCORD AND SATISFACTION BY USE OF INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-312. LOST, DESTROYED, OR STOLEN CASHIER’S CHECK, TELLER’S CHECK, OR CERTIFIED CHECK.

PART 4. LIABILITY OF PARTIES

• § 3-401. SIGNATURE.
• § 3-402. SIGNATURE BY REPRESENTATIVE.
• § 3-403. UNAUTHORIZED SIGNATURE.
• § 3-404. IMPOSTORS; FICTITIOUS PAYEES.
• § 3-405. EMPLOYER’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FRAUDULENT INDORSEMENT BY EMPLOYEE.
• § 3-406. NEGLIGENCE CONTRIBUTING TO FORGED SIGNATURE OR ALTERATION OF INSTRUMENT.
• § 3-407. ALTERATION.
• § 3-408. DRAWEE NOT LIABLE ON UNACCEPTED DRAFT.
• § 3-409. ACCEPTANCE OF DRAFT; CERTIFIED CHECK.
• § 3-410. ACCEPTANCE VARYING DRAFT.
• § 3-411. REFUSAL TO PAY CASHIER’S CHECKS, TELLER’S CHECKS, AND CERTIFIED CHECKS.
• § 3-412. OBLIGATION OF ISSUER OF NOTE OR CASHIER’S CHECK.
• § 3-413. OBLIGATION OF ACCEPTOR.
• § 3-414. OBLIGATION OF DRAWER.
• § 3-415. OBLIGATION OF INDORSER.
• § 3-416. TRANSFER WARRANTIES.
• § 3-417. PRESENTMENT WARRANTIES.
• § 3-418. PAYMENT OR ACCEPTANCE BY MISTAKE.
• § 3-419. INSTRUMENTS SIGNED FOR ACCOMMODATION.
• § 3-420. CONVERSION OF INSTRUMENT.

PART 5. DISHONOR

• § 3-501. PRESENTMENT.
• § 3-502. DISHONOR.
• § 3-503. NOTICE OF DISHONOR.
• § 3-504. EXCUSED PRESENTMENT AND NOTICE OF DISHONOR.
• § 3-505. EVIDENCE OF DISHONOR.

PART 6. DISCHARGE AND PAYMENT

• § 3-601. DISCHARGE AND EFFECT OF DISCHARGE.
• § 3-602. PAYMENT.
• § 3-603. TENDER OF PAYMENT.
• § 3-604. DISCHARGE BY CANCELLATION OR RENUNCIATION.
• § 3-605. DISCHARGE OF INDORSERS AND ACCOMMODATION PARTIES.

• PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
• PART 2. NEGOTIATION, TRANSFER, AND INDORSEMENT
• PART 3. ENFORCEMENT OF INSTRUMENTS
• PART 4. LIABILITY OF PARTIES
• PART 5. DISHONOR
• PART 6. DISCHARGE AND PAYMENT

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